什麼是水接觸角 Water Contact Angle ?

親水性? 疏水性? 材料科學

HYCell / GoalBio · WATER CONTACT ANGLE 表面科學專欄

WCA · 表面潤溼性基礎

什麼是水接觸角

Water Contact Angle

水接觸角(WCA)是水滴與固體表面接觸時所形成的角度,反映液體對表面的潤溼程度,廣泛用於清潔度、塗層與表面能的評估。

CONTACT ANGLE · WETTABILITY · SURFACE ENERGY

Water contact angle (WCA) is the angle formed where a water droplet meets a solid surface. It indicates how well a liquid wets the surface and is widely used to assess cleanliness, coatings, and surface energy.

表面分類

Classification of Surfaces ・ 依接觸角大小區分

CLASSIFICATION
完全潤溼
Complete Wetting
0° 水完全攤平覆蓋在材料上,潤溼性最高。
The droplet spreads completely across the material.
親水性
Hydrophilic
< 90° 水容易擴散於表面,潤溼性與附著力良好。
Water spreads easily, showing good wettability and adhesion.
疏水性
Hydrophobic
> 90° 水滴呈圓球狀凝聚,潤溼性低,具防水效果。
Water beads up, showing low wettability and water repellency.
超疏水性
Superhydrophobic
≥ 150° 水滴緊密聚集並容易滾落,常被稱為「蓮花效應」。
Droplets form tight beads that roll off easily, the so-called lotus effect.

測量原理

How It Is Measured ・ 躺滴法與楊氏方程式

METHOD

最常見的方式是「躺滴法」(Sessile Drop):以光學接觸角測量儀拍攝靜止水滴的外型,再由軟體計算水滴邊緣與基材交界處的角度。角度大小取決於液體內聚力與液固附著力之間的平衡,可由楊氏方程式描述。

The sessile drop method uses an optical goniometer to photograph a static droplet, and software calculates the angle at the solid–liquid–air boundary. The angle reflects the balance between cohesive and adhesive forces, described by Young’s equation.

γSV = γSL + γLV · cos θ

實務上也會量測前進角(Advancing)與後退角(Receding),進一步計算接觸角滯後(Hysteresis),以判斷表面的均勻性與液滴黏附的程度。

Advancing and receding angles are also measured to determine contact angle hysteresis, revealing surface uniformity and droplet adhesion.

Key Point

角度越低,表面越容易被水潤溼

The lower the angle, the more easily the surface is wetted by water.

為什麼重要

Why It Matters ・ 應用與判讀

APPLICATIONS

表面清潔度

低接觸角通常代表表面乾淨、能量高,適合黏合、印刷或塗漆;偏高則可能有油脂、脫模劑或汙染物殘留。

A low angle usually indicates a clean, high-energy surface. A high angle may point to oils, mold releases, or contamination.

工業應用

用於評估防霧玻璃、防水塗層、黏著劑接合效果、隱形眼鏡表面親水性,以及高分子與金屬的表面改質成效。

Used to evaluate anti-fog glass, waterproof coatings, adhesive bonding, contact lens hydrophilicity, and surface treatments on polymers and metals.

結語 Conclusion

水接觸角雖然只是一個數值,卻能快速反映表面的潤溼性、清潔狀態與塗層性能,是產品開發與品質控制的基本功。

Though it is a single number, the water contact angle quickly reveals wettability, cleanliness, and coating performance, a fundamental tool for product development and quality control.

Water Contact Angle 系列 · 翰新國際 · hycell.tw 1

德國 DataPhysics Instruments GmbH 作為全球表面測量儀器的知名廠家,專業致力於為全球表面化學實驗室提供解決方案,產品覆蓋多個國家,擁有高水平的研發隊伍,為不斷擴展儀器功能和提升儀器質量而不斷努力

OCA – 接觸角測量儀 適合於固體表面與液體的接觸角測量,可計算表面自由能,適合材料表面特性研究

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